In 2000, there was an increasing risk of HIV infection among construction workers and sex workers at the JBIC-financed port construction site in Cambodia, and an urgent action to address this issue was required. It was estimated that the whole country’s HIV infection rate would be pushed up by 1%, if this had been left unaddressed. APDA asked Japanese parliamentarians to take a leadership role in this issue, which led to the incorporation of HIV/AIDS prevention programmes into the infrastructure project. The scheme created out of this project proved to be so effective that it has been ever since known as quality and good practices of the Japanese ODA and applied to other countries such as Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia. (Photo taken in Indonesia)